荀子研究的若干問&= 988;*

荀子研究&#= 30340;若干問題^*

赤塚忠

摘要

本文探討在研究= 荀子思想之際所要考= 4942;的幾點問題。本文৻= 2;出如下三個主要論點&= #65306;第一，戰國末年幾= 046;所有的思想，包括儒= ;家正在邁向綜合之路&#= 65292;在此考慮之下，我Ì= 97;要做的並不只是主張= 荀子綜合他之前的思= 4819;，而在於探討荀子ࣳ= 4;何綜合之前的思想。&= #31532;二，我們分析荀子= 300;性惡」論時，要瞭解= ;：在孟子與荀子的「&#= 24615;論」之間有不可忽Š= 22;的共同點，即兩人皆= 非常主觀地預設道德= 3526;現的目標。第三，ࢰ= 0;為荀子已吸收他之前&= #30340;法家思想，且在這= 491;基礎上還主張倫理道= ;德的重要。因此，作&#= 32773;不贊同把荀子的思ø= 19;作為韓非與李斯的法= 家理論的橋樑之說法= 2290;總之，從其思想統ࡧ= 2;的程度來看，荀子哲&= #23416;乃展現在戰國末年= 340;思想潮流中所達到的= ;最高峰，而這與《呂&#= 27663;春秋》和《淮南子z= 99;比較之下更為明顯。=

關鍵字：荀子、孟子、儒家z= 89;先秦思想^*

A Few Issues = on the Study of the Xunzi

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Kiyoshi Akatsuka

Abstract

This essay seeks so= me effective ways to analyze the content and context in which Xunzi’s thought has taken into form and attempts to present author’s own perspective in which we might more appropriately evaluate, positively or negatively, the historical significance of Xunzi’s thought. As a synthetic Confucian thinker at the eve of the Warring States period, Xunzi&= #8217;s thought reveals its characteristics in the following three aspects.<= /p>

First, Xunzi’s synthesis of the precedi= ng various Warring States’ thoughts must not be regarded as merely a mos= aic, but a highly integrated synthesis that was perhaps the most perfect among o= ther thoughts of his time.

Second, Xunzi’s argument on human natur= e is no less subjective than that of Mencius in the sense that both emphasized the practice of Confucian moral value and set the same ultimate realm (i.e., Confucian sagehood) to achieve. The main difference between them is that Xu= nzi tried to show the different starting point from Mecnius’. Xunzi argued that the moral practice must be set out on the basis of the thorough negati= on of the self which would be always in danger to become evil.

And third, it is highly unlikely that Xunzi&#= 8217;s thought critically influenced the formation of the Legalism of his time (e.= g., Han Fei and Li Si’s Legalist theories), because Xunzi presented his f= irm belief in moral values after he incorporated the Legalist theories antedating his thought. Yet, Xunzi’= ;s political theory may have facilitated the advent of the powerful political regime in the following history.

In the last part, the essay concludes with po= inting out that amid of the overwhelming intellectual strand of synthesis, Xunzi&#= 8217;s thought has achieved its almost highest level of integration which Confucia= nism and other schools of thought were directed to reach. The integration by Xun= zi was relatively successful compared to the case of the Lüshi chunqiu and the Huainanzi.

Keywords: Xunz= i, Mencius, Confucianism, Warring States’ Chinese Thought

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